Ridge-and-trough terrain is a common landform on the icy satellites of the outer planets.
We show that the terrain can form due to sluggish lid convection in solid ice.
Tidal flexing is required to weaken the near-surface ice.
We find the Rayleigh–Nusselt number relationship in the sluggish lid regime.
Convection is the process that forms ridge-and-trough terrain on all satellites.