The main findings suggest that only those genotypes can be recommended for cultivation that have adequate winter hardiness. Results support the conclusion that winter peas have sufficient winter hardiness for cultivation in transitional climatic conditions when they display a rosette growth with small leaves and short internodes at the onset of winter and possess quantitative photoperiodic sensitivity. For these genotypes, no impact of the sowing date on the extent of winter hardiness could be determined.
In the experiment winter pea pure stands, the highest biomass yield (assessed at the onset of flowering) was determined for the earliest sowings. In the experiment with winter pea/rye mixture, the influence of sowing date on seed yield of the frost-resistant peas was negligible.