Triclocarban, triclosan and its transformation product methyl triclosan in native earthworm species four years after a commercial-scale biosolids application
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- 作者：Andr茅 Macherius ; David R. Lapen ; Thorsten Reemtsma ; J枚rg R枚mbke ; Edward Topp ; Anja Coors
- 关键词：Oligochaetes ; Sewage sludge ; Biocides ; Earthworm ; Bioaccumulation
- 刊名：Science of the Total Environment
- 出版年：15 February, 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：472
- 期：Complete
- 页码：235-238
- 全文大小：420 K
文摘
Triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS) and methyl triclosan (Me-TCS) were detected in soil and the native population of earthworms of an agricultural field in Ottawa, Canada, about four years after a commercial-scale application of biosolids. In soil that received biosolids, TCC and TCS were detected at median concentrations of 13.0 and 1.5 ng/g soil (d.w.), respectively, while Me-TCS, the transformation product of triclosan, was detected at a six-fold higher median concentration than its precursor. In earthworms collected at the biosolids-amended field-plot about four years post application, Me-TCS was also detected at higher concentrations (26 to 114 ng/g tissue d.w.) than TCS (16-51 ng/g) and TCC (4-53 ng/g). These data provide evidence that not only parent compounds but also their transformation products need to be considered in faunal bioaccumulation studies. Moreover, the preliminary results for pooled earthworm samples from different ecological groups suggest that the degree of bioaccumulation of biosolids-associated contaminants may depend on the habitat and feeding behavior of the organisms.