Nicotine levels, withdrawal symptoms, and smoking reduction success in real world use: A comparison of cigarette smokers and dual users of both cigarettes and E-cigarettes

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• 作者：Douglas E. Jorenby ; ^{Dej@ctri.wisc.edu} ; Stevens S. Smith ; Michael C. Fiore ; Timothy B. Baker
• 关键词：Cigarette smoking ; e-cigarettes ; Dual use ; Nicotine ; Nicotine dependence ; Gender differences
• 刊名：Drug and Alcohol Dependence
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：1 January 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：170
• 期：Complete
• 页码：93-101
• 全文大小：1665 K
• 卷排序：170

文摘

Real world dual users were better able to maintain abstinence from cigarettes. Women dual users had higher nicotine levels/reduced craving during smoking reduction. Dual users were less motivated to quit smoking in the coming year than smokers. Dual users did not have lower levels of carbon monoxide during ad lib use.