We performed a comprehensive and systematic study on kumquat to improve transformation efficiency.
Kumquat seedlings as transformation explants needed an appropriate period of illumination.
The combination of Agrobacterium OD600 0.5, infection 30 min and co-cultivation 3 days with sterile filter paper support obtained the highest GUS positive rate.
The combination of pH 5.4, 100 μM of AS and at 25 °C in co-cultivation obtained the highest GUS positive rate.
The transformation efficiency was influenced by different placement way of explants in co-cultivation period.