Dose-dependent effects of morphine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, and involvement of multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) transporters in LPS efflux in teleost fish
Waterborne LPS challenge optimized to study chemical effects on inflammation in fish. Morphine disrupted immune responses at environmentally relevant concentrations. Stronger and weaker inflammation observed at low and high morphine, respectively. ABC/MXR transporters shown to play a role in LPS efflux; some suppressed by morphine. Pollutants interfering with ABC transporters may cause immune system disruption.