Classical impurities and boundary Majorana zero modes in quantum chains
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- 作者：Markus Mü ; llera ; b ; c ; markus_mueller@alumni.ethz.ch" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author ; Alexander A. Nersesyana ; d ; e
- 关键词：Majorana zero modes ; Quantum Ising chain ; 1d p-wave superconductors ; Topological phases ; 2-channel Kondo effect ; Classical impurities
- 刊名：Annals of Physics
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：September 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：372
- 期：Complete
- 页码：482-522
- 全文大小：899 K
文摘
We study the response of classical impurities in quantum Ising chains. The Z2 degeneracy they entail renders the existence of two decoupled Majorana modes at zero energy, an exact property of a finite system at arbitrary values of its bulk parameters. We trace the evolution of these modes across the transition from the disordered phase to the ordered one and analyze the concomitant qualitative changes of local magnetic properties of an isolated impurity. In the disordered phase, the two ground states differ only close to the impurity, and they are related by the action of an explicitly constructed quasi-local operator. In this phase the local transverse spin susceptibility follows a Curie law. The critical response of a boundary impurity is logarithmically divergent and maps to the two-channel Kondo problem, while it saturates for critical bulk impurities, as well as in the ordered phase. The results for the Ising chain translate to the related problem of a resonant level coupled to a 1d p-wave superconductor or a Peierls chain, whereby the magnetic order is mapped to topological order. We find that the topological phase always exhibits a continuous impurity response to local fields as a result of the level repulsion of local levels from the boundary Majorana zero mode. In contrast, the disordered phase generically features a discontinuous magnetization or charging response. This difference constitutes a general thermodynamic fingerprint of topological order in phases with a bulk gap.