In infected herds, T. foetus infection increased calving intervals by 79 days (P < 0.0001) and resulted in a higher percentage of cows-not-in calf (36% vs. 19%; P < 0.001). An economic analysis showed that BT could reduce income by 68.7% in AM herds. The implementation of the control program decreased calving intervals (P < 0.0001) and increased calving percentage (P < 0.05). T. foetus prevalence showed a significant decline compared with the prevalence before implementing the control program (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, after 2 years, the herd prevalence did not decrease (12.7-13.6%; P > 0.05) and the herd incidence was 22.72%. The testing and culling policy was effective in improving reproductive efficiency but the complete elimination of BT without substantial changes in management appears unlikely because putative risk factors associated with the disease are present in the management of this breed.