Responses to rapid warming at Termination 1a at Gerzensee (Central Europe): Primary succession, albedo, soils, lake development, and ecological interactions

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• 作者：Brigitta Ammann ; Ulrike J. van Raden ; Jakob Schw ; er ; Ueli Eicher ; Adrian Gilli ; Stefano M. Bernasconi ; Jacqueline F.N. van Leeuwen ; Heike Lischke ; Stephen J. Brooks ; Oliver Heiri ; Kata艡ina Nov谩kov谩 ; Maarten van Hardenbroek ; Ulrich von Grafenstein ; Soumaya Belmecheri ; W.O. van der Knaap ; Michel Magny ; Werner Eugster ; Daniele Colombaroli ; Ebbe Nielsen ; Willy Tinner ; et al.
• 刊名：Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
• 出版年：1 December, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：391
• 期：part_PB
• 页码：111-131
• 全文大小：2066 K

文摘

The transition from the Oldest Dryas to the B酶lling around 14,685 cal yr BP was a period of extremely rapid climatic warming. From a single core of lake marl taken at Gerzensee (Switzerland) we studied the transition in stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon on bulk sediment and charophyte remains, as well as on monospecific samples of ostracods, after Pisidium a; in addition pollen, chironomids, and Cladocera were analyzed. The 未¹⁸O record serves as an estimate of mean air temperature, and by correlation to the one from NGRIP in Greenland it provides a timescale.

The timing of responses: The statistically significant zone boundaries of the biostratigraphies are telescoped at the rapid increase of about 3鈥?in 未¹⁸O at the onset of B酶lling. Biotic responses may have occurred within sampling resolution (8 to 16 years), although younger zone boundaries are less synchronous. Gradual and longer-lasting responses include complex processes such as primary or secular succession. During the late-glacial interstadial of B酶lling and Aller酶d, two stronger and two weaker cool phases were found.

Biological processes involved in the responses occurred on levels of individuals (e.g. pollen productivity), of populations (increases or decreases, immigration, or extinction), and on the ecosystem level (species interactions such as facilitation or competition).

Abiotic and biotic interactions include pedogenesis, nitrogen-fixation, nutrient cycling, catchment hydrology, water chemistry of the lake and albedo (controlled by the transition from tundra to forest).

For the Swiss Plateau this major change in vegetation induced a change in the mammal fauna, which in turn led to changes in the tool-making by Paleolithic people.