Combined Persistent Fetal Vasculature: A Classification Based on High-Resolution B-Mode Ultrasound and Color Doppler Imaging

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• 作者：Andina Hu ; MD ; PhD¹ ; ^&lowast ; ; Xiaoqing Pei ; MD ; PhD² ; ^&lowast ; ; Xiaoyan Ding ; MD ; PhD¹ ; ^&lowast ; ; Jiaqing Li ; MD ; PhD¹ ; Yonghao Li ; MD ; PhD¹ ; Fang Liu ; MD¹ ; Zijing Li ; MD¹ ; Zongyi Zhan ; MD¹ ; Lin Lu ; MD ; PhD¹ ; ^{drlulin@126.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 关键词：CDI ; color Doppler imaging ; FFA ; fundus fluorescein angiography ; PFV ; persistent fetal vasculature
• 刊名：Ophthalmology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：123
• 期：1
• 页码：19-25
• 全文大小：826 K

文摘

The purpose of this study was to classify combined persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) on the basis of the ultrasonographic and Doppler characteristics. The potential clinical significance for both surgery design and prognosis determination was discussed.

Design

A cross-sectional case series.

Participants

The eyes of 54 children diagnosed with unilateral combined PFV were evaluated using B-mode ultrasound and color Doppler imaging (CDI).

Methods

Each participant's age at first presentation, diagnosis for referral, gender, family history, and systemic or other ocular anomalies were recorded. Retinal detachment, optic nerve abnormalities, and macular dislocation were also recorded in detail according to the RetCam (Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, CA), ultrasound, and Doppler findings. The PFV eyes were divided into 4 groups on the basis of the ultrasound and CDI findings. Intergroup analysis was performed.

Main Outcome Measures

Overall and intergroup analyses of the demographic features of the children with PFV were performed. The axial length, depth of the anterior chamber, and lens thickness were compared between the affected eyes and the fellow healthy eyes among the 4 groups.

Results

Some 22.2%, 18.5%, 33.3%, and 25.9% of the eyes were grouped into type I (“I” shape), II (“Y” shape), III (inverted “Y” shape), and IV (“X” shape) combined PFV, respectively. The age at first presentation for type I was older than that for the other groups (P = 0.014). The axial length was reduced (P = 0.012) and the anterior chamber more shallow (P = 0.011) than in fellow healthy eyes for type IV eyes, but not for the other 3 groups.

Conclusions

Ultrasound and CDI are informative screening and diagnostic tools that show characteristic flow patterns in the 4 types of combined PFV. This novel classification system provides new and important information for the diagnosis of PFV and, if validated, may play a role in guiding treatment recommendations in the future.