- 作者：Jaana I. Halonen ; Mika Kivim?ki ; Marianna Virtanen ; Jaana Pentti ; S.V. Subramanian ; Ichiro Kawachi ; Jussi Vahtera
- 关键词：Alcohol consumption ; Alcohol policy ; Availability ; Distance ; Longitudinal ; Finnish Public Sector study
- 刊名：Drug and Alcohol Dependence
- 出版年：2013
- 出版时间：1 September, 2013
- 年：2013
- 卷：132
- 期：1-2
- 页码：295-300
- 全文大小：343 K
Background
Availability of alcohol has been associated with alcohol consumption in cross-sectional studies. We examined longitudinally whether change in proximity to off-premise (i.e., no consumption on the premises) beer and liquor outlets is associated with heavy alcohol consumption.Methods
Distances from 54,778 Finnish Public Sector study participants¡¯ homes to the nearest off-premise beer and liquor outlets were calculated using Global Positioning System-coordinates. Between-individual analyses were used to study the effects of distance to the nearest outlet on heavy alcohol use, and within-individual analyses to study the effects of a change in distance on change in heavy use.
Results
Mean follow-up time in 2000-2009 was 6.8 (standard deviation 2.0) years. In a between-individual analysis, decrease from ¡Ý500 m to <500 m (vs. remained ¡Ý500 m) in the distance to the nearest beer outlet increased the likelihood of incident heavy alcohol use in women (odds ratio 1.23, 95 % CI 1.05-1.44), but not in men. In a within-individual analysis decrease from 500 m to 0 m in log-transformed continuous distance to the nearest beer outlet increased the odds of heavy alcohol consumption in women by 13 % (odds ratio 1.13, 95 % CI 1.01-1.27). For the corresponding change in distance to liquor outlet the increase was 3 % (odds ratio 1.03, 95 % CI 0.97-1.09).
Conclusions
Change in distance from home to the nearest off-premise alcohol outlet affects the risk of heavy alcohol consumption in women. This evidence supports policies that restrict physical availability of alcohol.