Atrial fibrillation is the most common heart rhythm disorder in United States, characterised by rapid and irregular beating of both the atria resulting in the similar ventricular response.

Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is rapidly rising as an alternative modality of treatment and an increase in the incidence of RFCA has shed light on complications associated with this procedure

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is one of the long-term complications that have been observed postcatheter ablation.

The possible mechanism for PH in these patients includes the involvement of the lungs due to pulmonary vein stenosis, pulmonary vein occlusion and, rarely, pulmonary embolism.

RFCA can also lead to scarring of the atrium that can cause left atrial diastolic dysfunction leading to elevated pulmonary pressures

Another possible mechanism leading to elevated pulmonary pressures is related to the unmasking of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction occurring after this procedure.

Further prospective studies need to be done to assess the possible mechanisms and treatment modalities to treat PH in patients undergoing RFCA.