• 作者：M. Victoria Miranda-Camarero ^{victoria.miranda@uah.es}
• 关键词：Cuidados de enfermerí ; a ; Relació ; n de ayuda enfermera ; Fí ; stula arteriovenosa interna ; Hemodi&aacute ; lisis ; Accesos vasculares ; Equipos multidisciplinares
• 刊名：Di¨¢lisis y Trasplante
• 出版年：2010
• 出版时间：January-March 2010
• 年：2010
• 卷：31
• 期：1
• 页码：12-16
• 全文大小：185 K

Nursing care includes affective factors, related to attitude and commitment, technical elements that cannot be separated to provide care, and identification of the meaning of care for those giving and receiving it - the intention and the goal pursued. Attending patients helpfully involves sharing knowledge to enable the patient to be able to decide what should be done and how to perform self care. Patients who are well informed and feel actively involved in their disease are better able to cope, perform self care, and adapt and will show greater treatment adherence. Such patients will be active and demanding and participate during the disease process.

According to data from 2007 provided by the Spanish Society of Nephrologists [5], there are currently around 36,558 dialysis patients in Spain, of which 46.13 % are treated with hemodialysis, while 6.15 % with peritoneal dialysis; 47.72 % receive transplants. The hospitalization rate is 14 days a year per patient and the direct costs of treating chronic kidney disease amount to more than 800 million euros per year.

Most (86.4 % ) patients starting renal replacement therapy in 2007 received hemodialysis. The magnitude of these figures has led to a substantial increase in the number of vascular accesses required before starting treatment.

The vascular access route is the Achilles heel of hemodialysis. Autologous and heterologous internal arteriovenous fistulas require specific and continual care for their proper maintenance and functioning. Both the health team and the patient are involved in this care to achieve optimal dialysis and avoid short- and long-term complications.

Optimizing procedures can decrease complications, increase the longevity of venous access, improve patients?quality of life and reduce costs.