Adult female acne and associated risk factors: Results of a multicenter case-control study in Italy

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• 作者：Anna Di Landro ; MD^a ; ^b ; Simone Cazzaniga ; MS^a ; ^c ; Francesco Cusano ; MD^d ; Angela Bonci ; MD^e ; Cardinali Carla ; MD^f ; Maria Letizia Musumeci ; MD ; PhD^g ; Annalisa Patrizi ; MD^h ; Vincenzo Bettoli ; MDⁱ ; Enrico Pezzarossa ; MD^j ; Marzia Caproni ; MD^k ; Anna Belloni Fortina ; MD^l ; Elena Campione ; MD^m ; Vito Ingordo ; MDⁿ ; Luigi Naldi ; MD^a ; ^b ; ^{luigi.naldi@gised.it" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; the Group for Epidemiologic Research in Dermatology Acne Study Group^o
• 关键词：adult female acne ; case-control study ; diet ; family history ; risk factors ; stress
• 刊名：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：December 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：75
• 期：6
• 页码：1134-1141.e1
• 全文大小：176 K

文摘

The reasons for the appearance of acne in adulthood are largely unknown.

Objective

We explored the role of personal and environmental factors in adult female acne.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter case-control study in the outpatient departments of 12 Italian cities. Cases (n = 248) were consecutive women ≥25 years of age with newly diagnosed acne of any grade. Controls (n = 270) were females diagnosed with conditions other than acne.

Results

In multivariate analysis, a history of acne in parents (odds ratio [OR] = 3.02) or siblings (OR = 2.40), history of acne during adolescence (OR = 5.44), having no previous pregnancies (OR = 1.71), having hirsutism (OR = 3.50), being an office worker versus being unemployed or being a housewife (OR = 2.24), and having a high level of reported psychological stress (OR = 2.95) were all associated with acne. A low weekly intake of fruits or vegetables (OR = 2.33) and low consumption of fresh fish (OR = 2.76) were also associated with acne.

Limitations

We did not establish an onset date for acne. Some of our associations may reflect consequences of established acne.

Conclusion

Lifestyle factors may play an important role for acne development in adulthood, but their role should be further assessed in prospective studies.