- 作者：Dmitry M. Kissin ; Natalia Akatova ; Aza G. Rakhmanova ; Elena N. Vinogradova ; Evgeny E. Voronin ; Denise J. Jamieson ; M. Kathleen Glynn ; Alexey Yakovlev ; Joanna Robinson ; William C. Miller ; Susan Hillis
- 关键词：nevirapine ; prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission ; rapid HIV testing
- 刊名：American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- 出版年：2008
- 出版时间：February 2008
- 年：2008
- 卷：198
- 期：2
- 页码：183.e1-183.e7
- 全文大小：148 K
Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rapid testing (RT) program.Study Design
From April 13, 2004, to April 13, 2005, pregnant women at 2 high-risk maternity hospitals with no or incomplete HIV testing results (negative tests at <34 weeks, none thereafter) were offered point-of-care RT, with antiretroviral prophylaxis for RT-positive women and their infants.
Results
Overall, 89.2 % of eligible women (3671/4117) underwent RT, of whom 90.4 % received results before delivery. HIV seroprevalence among all women who underwent RT was 2.7 % (100/3671 women); among previously untested women, seroprevalence was 6.5 % (90/1375 women); the incidence of HIV seroconversion among women with previous negative tests during pregnancy was 0.4 % (10/2296 women). After adjustment, the main predictor of receiving RT results after delivery was late admission. Among HIV-exposed infants, 97.9 % (92/94) received prophylaxis; 61.7 % (58/94) had available follow-up data, and 8.6 % (5/58) met criteria for definitive or presumptive HIV infection.
Conclusion
The RT program achieved timely detection of HIV-infected women in labor with unknown HIV status and effectively prevented perinatal HIV transmission.