A total of 55 samples were collected from patients with chronic sinusitis undergoing surgery at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran. Samples were cultured in conventional medium, and for each culture, Gram staining, catalase, coagulase, oxidase, and DNAse tests were performed and isolates were stored for polymerase chain reaction analysis.
Twenty-three isolates were obtained from five patients, including S. aureus (23.6%), Rhizomucor (1.8%), and Escherichia (1.8%) by the culture method and M. catarrhalis (3.6%) and S. Pneumoniae (7.2%) by the polymerase chain reaction method. Compared with acute sinusitis, the microbiology of chronic sinusitis remains controversial. Results are affected by many factors, including diversity of molecular and culture methods, sterilization of sampling area, sample transfer to laboratory, use of antibiotics prior to surgery, and nasal polyps.
In Iran, the causative agents of chronic sinusitis are similar to those in other countries. Compared with other bacteria, S. aureus was observed more often in asthmatic patients with sinusitis.