Optimization of Charging Strategy by Prevention of Lithium Deposition on Anodes in high-energy Lithium-ion Batteries - Electrochemical Experiments
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- 作者：Thomas Waldmann ; thomas.waldmann@zsw-bw.de" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author ; Michael Kasper ; Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens
- 关键词：Lithium-ion batteries ; charging procedure ; battery aging ; reconstruction ; lithium deposition ; lithium reference electrode ; operating conditions
- 刊名：Electrochimica Acta
- 出版年：2015
- 出版时间：1 October 2015
- 年：2015
- 卷：178
- 期：Complete
- 页码：525-532
- 全文大小：1486 K
文摘
The study evaluates the capacity fade of commercial 3.25 Ah 18650-type cells with NCA cathodes and graphite anodes quantitatively for different temperatures and charging strategies. For standard constant current / constant voltage (CC-CV) charging, the aging rate for cells cycled at 0.5C is increased with decreasing temperature in the range of 25 °C to 0 °C. Interestingly, no accelerated aging is observed for CC-CV charging in the temperature range of 25 °C to 60 °C at 0.5C. The observed behavior indicates lithium deposition on anodes for temperatures up to ∼25 °C and is further investigated by reconstruction of anode and cathode from the commercial 18650-type cells into full cells with an additional lithium metal reference electrode. The reconstruction method is scrutinized regarding its validity. Measurements with the reconstructed cells at 25 °C reveal the quantitative dependency of the anode potential vs. Li/Li+ from the charge C-rate and cell voltage. This allows deriving charging strategies involving strictly positive anode potentials to avoid lithium deposition and preventing the corresponding capacity fade.