Natural and induced sinkholes of the Obruk Plateau and Karapınar-Hotamış Plain, Turkey

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• 作者：Uğ ; ur Doğ ; an ; ^a ; ^{ugdogan@yahoo.com} ; Mutlu Y&#x131 ; lmaz^a
• 关键词：Karst ; Sinkhole ; Karst hazard ; Obruk Plateau ; Turkey
• 刊名：Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
• 出版年：2011
• 出版时间：20 January 2011
• 年：2011
• 卷：40
• 期：2
• 页码：496-508
• 全文大小：3957 K

文摘

The number of sinkholes (locally known as obruks) has increased rapidly in recent years near Karapınar, located in the semi-arid Konya Closed Basin in Central Anatolia. Nineteen sinkholes have formed in the last 33 years (1977–2009) as a result of the collapse of cavity roofs in the Neogene lacustrine limestone in the Obruk Plateau and beneath Quaternary lake sediments in the Karapınar-Hotamış Plain. Of these, 13 have formed within the past 4 years (2006–2009). The Obruk Plateau takes its name from the presence of several hundred paleo-sinkholes which formed as a result of natural processes during the Quaternary period. More recently, human activity has induced the formation of new sinkholes, which presents a hazard to life and property. Changing agricultural patterns have led to the opening of thousands of deep wells in recent years, and increased water pumping currently exceeds the sustainable yield of the aquifer. Thus the formation of sinkholes has been triggered by a combination of natural and human causes. The groundwater level has dropped almost 24 m in the vicinity of Karapınar during the last 26 years (1983–2008). Approximately 8 m of this drop occurred within the 4 years prior to the study (2005–2008). Legally-binding precautions must be taken to prevent further water table decline, in order to decrease sinkhole formation within the basin in the years to come.