3D collagen-based hydrogels and sponge could promote the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro.
In accordance with the tendency of chondrogenic differentiation, MSCs in 3D scaffolds could secrete various immunoregulatory factors.
Scaffold structure could regulate the secretion of soluble immunoregulatory factors to inhibited the activity of allogeneic lymphocytes in a paracrine way.
Scaffolds could modulate the immunological properties of allogeneic MSC-derived engineered tissues.