The performance of GOs in Th(IV) immobilization was comprehensively investigated.
Ionic strength affected the microscopic distribution of the adsorbed Th(IV) species.
The strong acidic groups played a dominant role in Th(IV) sorption on GOs.
HA enhanced the Th(IV) sorption on GOs mainly by the increase of the GO stability.
The sorption capacity of GOs for Th(IV) was higher than those of common sorbents.