The MdSIZ1 is a SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) E3 ligase in apple and plays an important role in responding to stress conditions.
The SUMOylation of MdCIbHLH1 is dependent on MdSIZ1 in vitro.
MdSIZ1 mediated SUMOylation in response to stress conditions in vivo.
The ectopic expression of MdSIZ1 in Arabidopsis siz1-2 mutant plants partially complemented the morphological mutant phenotypes and enhanced the levels of SUMO conjugation.