PVP is used as a film- and pore-forming agent to prepare the mesoporous TiO2 anode.
The TiO2 anode supplies high surface area for the dye adsorption.
The DSSC efficiency is strongly dependent on the pore properties of the TiO2 anode.
The DSSC efficiency with the TiO2 anode prepared by 20 wt% PVP reaches 8.39%.