In this paper, ZrO2 matrix high-temperature self-lubricating composites with addition of CuO as lubricant were prepared using a hot-pressing method by tailoring the content of CuO. The wear and friction behaviour of the composites were investigated from 700 掳C to 1000 掳C. The composites sliding against an Al2O3 ceramic ball exhibited excellent self-lubricating and anti-wear properties at high temperatures. The low friction and wear mechanisms were investigated in detail.