Deposition and integration of tungsten(VI) oxide and zirconia layers produces mixed metal oxide supports capable of inducing activity of bimetallic PtRu nanoparticles.

The enhancement effect during oxidation of ethanol is facilitated by the presence of hydroxyl groups, high mobility of protons and improved distribution of electrons.

The system’s high activity is further enhanced by immobilizing rhodium nanoparticles within inner WO₃ layer before deposition of outer ZrO₂ layer.

Rh itself does not exhibit appreciable direct activity during electrooxidation of ethanol, but it is expected to induce C-C bond breaking in C₂H₅OH before further oxidation at PtRu catalyst.