Parity as a major factor affecting infant mortality of highly endangered Indian rhinoceros: Evidence from zoos and Dudhwa National Park, India
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Jan Pluhá ; č ; ek ; Satya Priya Sinha ; Ludě ; k Bartoš ; ; Petr Š ; í ; pek
- 关键词：Rhinoceros unicornis ; Conservation ; Reintroduction ; Outbreeding
- 刊名：Biological Conservation
- 出版年：2007
- 出版时间：October 2007
- 年：2007
- 卷：139
- 期：3-4
- 页码：457-461
- 全文大小：145 K
文摘
The Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is a highly endangered species that inhabits only three political states. Recently, Zschokke and Baur [Zschokke, S., Baur, B., 2002. Inbreeding, outbreeding, infant growth, and size dimorphism in captive Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, 2014–2023] found that the offspring of matings between captive Indian rhinoceros individuals from the Kaziranga and Chitwan populations had high mortality rates. These authors suggested that these two populations are partially genetically incompatible and, thus, they proposed that these would be separated into two subspecies. In this study we compiled data from a captive population with data from Dudhwa National Park (India), where rhinoceroses were successfully reintroduced in 1984. In Dudhwa, the breeding male came from the Kaziranga population and four out of the five breeding females came from the Chitwan population. In spite of these different origins, the Dudhwa population has bred very well. We analyzed, the factors influencing infant mortality of 22 Dudhwa and 181 captive calves. Outbreeding (matings between animals from Kaziranga and Chitwan) did not play any role in infant mortality. From our data, we can conclude that parity, not outbreeding, is responsible for infant mortality in the Indian rhinoceros. Thus, we are unable to agree with Zschokke and Baur’s suggestion that the Chitwan and Kaziranga populations belong to separate subspecies. Rather, we propose that the hybridization of captive animals from Chitwan and Kaziranga, as well as those in the wild, should help save the genetic diversity of this highly endangered species.