Gonadal steroid hormones and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis

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• 作者：Robert J. Handa^a ; ^{rhanda@arizona.edu" class="auth_mail} ; Michael J. Weiser^b
• 关键词：3ß ; -diol ; 5alpha-androstane-3beta ; 17beta-diol ; 3伪-diol ; 5alpha-androstane-3alpha ; 17beta-diol ; 5-HT ; serotonin ; 5伪R ; 5-alpha-reductase ; ACTH ; adrenocortcotropin releasing hormone ; AR ; androgen receptor ; AVP ; arginine vasopressin ; BnST ; bed nucleus of the stria terminalis ; BSA ; bovine serum albumin ; CBP ; CREB binding protein ; CORT ; corticosterone ; CRE ; cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element ; CREB ; CRE binding protein ; CRF ; corticotropin releasing factor ; DES ; diethylstilbesterol
• 刊名：Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
• 出版年：April, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：35
• 期：2
• 页码：197-220
• 全文大小：1544 K

文摘

The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis represents a complex neuroendocrine feedback loop controlling the secretion of adrenal glucocorticoid hormones. Central to its function is the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) where neurons expressing corticotropin releasing factor reside. These HPA motor neurons are a primary site of integration leading to graded endocrine responses to physical and psychological stressors. An important regulatory factor that must be considered, prior to generating an appropriate response is the animal鈥檚 reproductive status. Thus, PVN neurons express androgen and estrogen receptors and receive input from sites that also express these receptors. Consequently, changes in reproduction and gonadal steroid levels modulate the stress response and this underlies sex differences in HPA axis function. This review examines the make up of the HPA axis and hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and the interactions between the two that should be considered when exploring normal and pathological responses to environmental stressors.