Polytrichum strictum is currently expanding in peatlands in northeastern China. We conducted an experiment to test the role of allelopathy of bryophyte gametophytes in peatland succession. Three peatland bryophytes tended to maintain higher germinability in Sphagnum than in Polytrichum hummocks. Our study suggests that stronger allelopathic effect in P. strictum may to a large extent explain its current expansion.