All EOs were toxic against A. ludens, with more than 50% mortality at a concentration of 1.5% (w/v) after 5 days.
The most potent essential oil E. caryophyllus showed an LC50 of 3529xA0;ppm on A. ludens adults.
Composition of clove, thyme and basil was investigated and their major constituents were eugenol, thymol and estragole respectively.