The interleukin (IL)-1 cytokine family - Balance between agonists and antagonists in inflammatory diseases

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• 作者：Jennifer Palomo ; Damien Dietrich ; Praxedis Martin ; Gaby Palmer ; Cem Gabay ; ^{cem.gabay@hcuge.ch" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 关键词：Interleukin-1 ; Inflammasome ; Cytokine antagonists ; Autoinflammatory disorders
• 刊名：Cytokine
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：November 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：76
• 期：1
• 页码：25-37
• 全文大小：880 K

文摘

The interleukin (IL)-1 family of cytokines comprises 11 members, including 7 pro-inflammatory agonists (IL-1伪, IL-1尾, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36伪, IL-36尾, IL-36纬) and 4 defined or putative antagonists (IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-36Ra, IL-37, and IL-38) exerting anti-inflammatory activities. Except for IL-1Ra, IL-1 cytokines do not possess a leader sequence and are secreted via an unconventional pathway. In addition, IL-1尾 and IL-18 are produced as biologically inert pro-peptides that require cleavage by caspase-1 in their N-terminal region to generate active proteins. N-terminal processing is also required for full activity of IL-36 cytokines. The IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) family comprises 10 members and includes cytokine-specific receptors, co-receptors and inhibitory receptors. The signaling IL-1Rs share a common structure with three extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) domains and an intracellular Toll-like/IL-1R (TIR) domain. IL-1 cytokines bind to their specific receptor, which leads to the recruitment of a co-receptor and intracellular signaling. IL-1 cytokines induce potent inflammatory responses and their activity is tightly controlled at the level of production, protein processing and maturation, receptor binding and post-receptor signaling by naturally occurring inhibitors. Some of these inhibitors are IL-1 family antagonists, while others are IL-1R family members acting as membrane-bound or soluble decoy receptors. An imbalance between agonist and antagonist levels can lead to exaggerated inflammatory responses. Several genetic modifications or mutations associated with dysregulated IL-1 activity and autoinflammatory disorders were identified in mouse models and in patients. These findings paved the road to the successful use of IL-1 inhibitors in diseases that were previously considered as untreatable.