Theophylline induced osteoblast apoptosis by cAMP-induced ROS generation.
Theophylline levels in bone marrow were much higher than blood.
Theophylline diminished bone regeneration at the fracture site and caused osteopenia.
Theophylline caused hypo-vitaminosis D, and altered calciotropic hormones.
Vitamin D treatment prevented theophylline-induced changes in bone metabolism.