1-Hexanol as a sustainable biofuel in DI diesel engines and its effect on combustion and emissions under the influence of injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
1-Hexanol was blended up to 30% by vol. with diesel in a diesel engine. Injection timings (21–25°CA bTDC) and EGR rates (10–30%) were used. Blend injected at 25°CA bTDC under 30% EGR was found to be favorable. Smoke density reduced by 35.9% with a slight penalty of ≈3% in NOx emissions. HC emissions remained higher and CO emissions decreased favorably.