Effect of Long-Term Potassium Fertilization on Crop Yield and Potassium Efficiency and Balance Under Wheat-Maize Rotation in China

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• 作者：Hui-Min ZHANG^a ; Xue-Yun YANG^b ; Xin-Hua HE^a ; ^c ; ^f ; Ming-Gang XU^a ; ^{mgxu@caas.ac.cn} ; Shao-Min HUANG^d ; Hua LIU^e ; Bo-Ren WANG^a
• 关键词：exchangeable K ; internal K use efficiency ; K harvest index ; K uptake ; non-exchangeable K
• 刊名：Pedosphere
• 出版年：2011
• 出版时间：April 2011
• 年：2011
• 卷：21
• 期：2
• 页码：154-163
• 全文大小：208 K

文摘

Sustainable potassium (K) management at different soil sites requires understanding the relationships between crop productivity and long-term K fertilizations on a regional or national scale. We analyzed responses of grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.), K efficiency, and partial balance (difference between K input through fertilizer and K output in the aboveground biomass) during 15- (1990-2005) or 18-year (1990-2008) K fertilizations at five distinctive agroecological zones across China. Compared to the inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization, the inorganic NPK fertilization significantly increased grain yields of wheat (21 % ) and maize (16 % -72 % ) at Qiyang and Changping, where soils have low exchangeable and non-exchangeable K contents, but not at Ürümqi, Yangling and Zhengzhou, where soils have a high exchangeable and non-exchangeable K and/or low N/K ratio in crop plants. Compared to the inorganic NPK fertilization, the inorganic NPK (30 % N) and organic manure (70 % N) fertilization (NPKM) increased grain yields of wheat (14 % -40 % ) and maize (9 % -61 % ) at four sites, but not at Zhengzhou. For a productivity of wheat at 2-5 t ha⁻¹ or maize at 3-6 t ha⁻¹, 13-26 or 9-17 kg K ha⁻¹ were required to produce 1.0 t wheat or maize. The NP fertilization resulted in the lowest negative partial K balance and accumulated 52 kg K ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ less than the NPK fertilization, which accumulated 28 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ less K than the NPKM fertilization. A re-evaluation of the site-specific fertilization effects on N/K ratio in crop plants and soil K accumulation under current NPK and NPKM fertilization is urgently needed to increase both crop yield and K use efficiency at different agroecological zones across China.