Maternal active smoking and risk of oral clefts: a meta-analysis

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• 作者：Zhang Xuan ; MD^a ; Yang Zhongpeng ; MD^a ; Guo Yanjun ; MD^a ; Dai Jiaqi ; MD^a ; Zhu Yuchi ; MD^a ; Shi Bing ; PhD^b ; Li Chenghao ; PhD^b ; ^{Leechenghao_cn@163.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 刊名：Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：December 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：122
• 期：6
• 页码：680-690
• 全文大小：2500 K

文摘

To assess the association between maternal active cigarette smoking and the risk of oral clefts in the offspring.

Study Design

Oral clefts are divided into three subgroups: total clefts, cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P), and cleft palate only (CP). Data from studies on different levels of smoking were gathered to examine the dose–response effect.

Results

The present meta-analysis included 29 case-control and cohort studies through Cochrane, PubMed, and Ovid Medline searches. A modest but statistically significant association was found between maternal active smoking and CL ± P (odds ratio [OR] 1.368; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.259-1.486) as well as CP (OR 1.241; 95% CI 1.117-1.378). Half the studies showed positive dose–response effect for each subgroup (test for linear trend, P < .05).

Conclusions

There is a moderate risk for having a child with a CL ± P or CP in women who smoke during pregnancy. We could not confirm whether there was a positive dose–response effect between maternal smoking and clefts.