id="p0005">Phylogenetic history of Helieae (Gentianaceae) is reconstructed.
id="p0010">Polyphyly of Calolisianthus, Chelonanthus and Irlbachia is indicated.
id="p0015">New generic circumscriptions are supported.
id="p0020">Morphological and palynological characters are useful for characterizing the clades.