The democratization of gene editing: Insights from site-specific cleavage and double-strand break repair

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• 作者：Maria Jasin^a ; ^{m-jasin@ski.mskcc.org" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; James E. Haber^b ; ^{haber@brandeis.edu" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 关键词：DSB ; double-strand break ; HR ; homologous recombination ; HDR ; homology-directed repair ; BIR ; break-induced replication ; NHEJ ; nonhomologous end-joining ; Alt-NHEJ ; alternative-NHEJ ; MMEJ ; microhomology-mediated end-joining ; ssDNA ; single-stranded DNA
• 刊名：DNA Repair
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：August 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：44
• 期：Complete
• 页码：6-16
• 全文大小：1787 K

文摘

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are dangerous lesions that if not properly repaired can lead to genomic change or cell death. Organisms have developed several pathways and have many factors devoted to repairing DSBs, which broadly occurs by homologous recombination, which relies on an identical or homologous sequence to template repair, or nonhomologous end-joining. Much of our understanding of these repair mechanisms has come from the study of induced DNA cleavage by site-specific endonucleases. In addition to their biological role, these cellular pathways can be co-opted for gene editing to study gene function or for gene therapy or other applications. While the first gene editing experiments were done more than 20 years ago, the recent discovery of RNA-guided endonucleases has simplified approaches developed over the years to make gene editing an approach that is available to the entire biomedical research community. Here, we review DSB repair mechanisms and site-specific cleavage systems that have provided insight into these mechanisms and led to the current gene editing revolution.