Intrinsic water use efficiency controls the adaptation to high salinity in a semi-arid adapted plant, henna (Lawsonia inermis L.)

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• 作者：Nieves Fern谩ndez-Garc铆a ; Enrique Olmos ; Enas Bardisi ; Jes煤s Garc铆a-De la Garma ; Carmen L贸pez-Berenguer ; Jos茅 Salvador Rubio-Asensio
• 关键词：A ; net photosynthetic rate ; Chl ; chloroplast ; Ct ; cytoplasm ; DAS ; days after sowing ; DW ; dry weight ; E ; epidermis ; FW ; fresh weight ; gs ; stomatal conductance ; LB ; lipid body ; LD ; leaf density ; LSM ; leaf specific mass ; M ; mitochondria ; PP ; palisade parenchyma ; PPFD ; photosynthetic photon flux density ; RGR ; relative growth rate ; RWC ; relative water content ; S ; starch grain ; SP ; spongy parenchyma ; TEM ; transmission electron microscopy ; TW ; turgid weight ; V ; vacuole ; iWUE ; intrinsic water use effici
• 刊名：Journal of Plant Physiology
• 出版年：1 March, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：171
• 期：5
• 页码：64-75
• 全文大小：1644 K

文摘

Adaptation to salinity of a semi-arid inhabitant plant, henna, is studied. The salt tolerance mechanisms are evaluated in the belief that gas exchange (water vapor and CO₂) should play a key role on its adaptation to salt stress because of the strong evaporation conditions and soil water deficit in its natural area of distribution. We grow henna plants hydroponically under controlled climate conditions and expose them to control (0 mM NaCl), and two levels of salinity; medium (75 mM NaCl) and high (150 mM NaCl). Relative growth rate (RGR), biomass production, whole plant and leaf structure and ultrastructure adaptation, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, nutrients location in leaf tissue and its balance in the plant are studied. RGR and total biomass decreased as NaCl concentration increased in the nutrient solution. At 75 mM NaCl root biomass was not affected by salinity and RGR reached similar values to control plants at the end of the experiment. At this salinity level henna plant responded to salinity decreasing shoot to root ratio, increasing leaf specific mass (LSM) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), and accumulating high concentrations of Na⁺ and Cl^{鈭?/sup> in leaves and root. At 150 mM NaCl growth was severely reduced but plants reached the reproductive phase. At this salinity level, no further decrease in shoot to root ratio or increase in LSM was observed, but plants increased iWUE, maintaining water status and leaf and root Na+ and Cl鈭?/sup> concentrations were lower than expected. Moreover, plants at 150 mM NaCl reallocated carbon to the root at the expense of the shoot. The effective PSII quantum yield [Y(II)] and the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation [Y(NO)] were recovered over time of exposure to salinity. Overall, iWUE seems to be determinant in the adaptation of henna plant to high salinity level, when morphological adaptation fails.}