The neonicotinoids thiacloprid, imidacloprid, and clothianidin affect the immunocompetence of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)
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- 作者：Annely Brandt ; annely.brandt@llh.hessen.de" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author ; Anna Gorenflo ; Reinhold Siede ; Marina Meixner ; Ralph Bü ; chler
- 关键词：Honey bee ; Neonicotinoid ; Immune system ; Hemocyte ; Encapsulation ; Wound healing ; Antimicrobial activity
- 刊名：Journal of Insect Physiology
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：March 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：86
- 期：Complete
- 页码：40-47
- 全文大小：1021 K
文摘
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Neonicotinoids affect the immune system at field realistic concentrations.
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The effects were observed in cage experiments conducted in the laboratory.
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Hemocyte number, wound healing, and antimicrobial activity of hemolymph were reduced.