Deficiency in the mouse mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator isoform 2 gene is associated with cardiac noncompaction
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The ANTs exchange ATP/ADP across the mitochondrial inner membrane and regulate the mtPTP.

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There are several ANT isoforms, ANT1 and ANT2 being expressed in both fetal and adult heart.

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Inactivation of the mouse Ant1 gene permits normal cardiac development but results in adult hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

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Inactivation of the mouse Ant2 gene is embryonic lethal associated with cardiac hypertrabeculation/noncompaction.

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The differential cardiac toxicity of Ant1 & Ant2 inactivation is hypothesized as differential regulation of the mtPTP.

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