Environmental profile of ceramic tiles and their potential for improvement
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- 作者：Marisa Isabel Almeidaa ; b ; marisa@ctcv.pt" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author ; Ana Clá ; udia Diasa ; c ; Martha Demertzia ; Luí ; s Arrojaa ; c
- 关键词：Ceramic tiles ; Cradle-to-grave ; Environmental impact ; Hot spot ; Improvement measures ; Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
- 刊名：Journal of Cleaner Production
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：10 September 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：131
- 期：Complete
- 页码：583-593
- 全文大小：1718 K
文摘
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Manufacturing stage (cradle-to-gate) is a hot spot for almost all categories.
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The use stage is important for land use and ecotoxicity.
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The porcelain stoneware has higher impacts that porcelain glazed ceramic tiles.
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Impact can vary from 5 to 47%, except for ADe which can reach up to 179%.
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Reduction of energy consumption and transport minimize impacts in about 10%.