Idiopathic CD4⁺ T lymphocytopenia disclosed by recurrent cryptococcal meningitis. First case report from Greece

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• 作者：Diamantis P. Kofteridis ; Zacharenia Saridaki ; Ireni Kazakou ; Silvia Lazaridou ; Dimitris Alegakis ; Georgia Milaki ; Achilleas Gikas
• 关键词：Cryptococcus neoformans ; idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia ; meningitis
• 刊名：International Journal of Infectious Diseases
• 出版年：2005
• 出版时间：November 2005
• 年：2005
• 卷：9
• 期：6
• 页码：347-348
• 全文大小：73 K

文摘

In August 1998, the Hawaii Department of Health observed a nine-fold increase in human Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infections. Isolates were phage type 4 (PT4). An investigation was initiated to determine the source of the outbreak.

Methods:

A matched case-control study enrolled 38 cases. Cases were Hawaii residents with diarrhea and a stool culture yielding SE.

Results:

Eating eggs was associated with SE illness; 28 cases (74 % ) ate eggs in the three days before illness compared to 34 (45 % ) of 76 controls (MOR = 3.0, 95 % CI = 1.4–7.4). Eighteen (47 % ) of 38 case patients ate eggs from Farm A compared to 11 (14 % ) of 76 controls (MOR = 12.0, 95 % CI = 3.1–78.0); the eggs were not properly handled or refrigerated. Cultures from Farm A yielded SE. Human illness subsided following selective flock depopulation.

Conclusions:

This outbreak highlights the importance of proper handling and refrigeration of eggs. The egg industry must implement quality assurance programs to prevent the spread of SE PT4 and human SE illness.