DPPD, NPPD are the most promising antioxidant for improving oxidation stability.
Treated MB20 reduced about 3.04–7.4% avg. NOx compared to untreated MB20.
Treated blends produced higher HC, CO and smoke compared to untreated blends.
MB20 with AO produced avg. 0.61–1.17% higher BP and 1.01–1.5% lower BSFC than MB20.