The study was a randomized, 2 × 6 weeks crossover, dietary intervention study including 23 men and women who replaced part of their habitual dietary fat intake with 13% energy from cheese or butter.
After 6 weeks of intervention cheese resulted in higher amounts of calcium excreted in feces compared to butter. However, no difference was observed in fecal bile acid output despite lower serum total, LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations observed with cheese intake.
We were not able to confirm the hypothesis that calcium from cheese increases the excretion of fecal bile acids. Therefore, the mechanisms responsible for the lowering of cholesterol concentrations with cheese compared to butter intake remains unresolved.