Osteomalacia and odontomalacia in XLH have increased osteopontin in the matrix. Osteopontin in XLH bone and dentin matrix co-localizes with hypomineralization sites. Periosteocytic lesions (hypomineralized halos) of XLH show osteopontin accumulation. Osteopontin co-localizes with a hypomineralized canalicular network. Mineralization-inhibiting matrix osteopontin may contribute to the XLH phenotype.