Xinmailong mitigated epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via inhibiting autophagy

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• 作者：Hui Li^a ; Yiqing Mao^a ; Qun Zhang^a ; Qing Han^a ; Zhenming Man^a ; Jingyu Zhang^a ; Xi Wang^a ; Ruobi Hu^a ; Xuehui Zhang^a ; David M. Irwin^c ; ¹ ; ^{david.irwin@utoronto.ca" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Gang Niu^b ; ¹ ; ^{nngene@sohu.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Huanran Tan^a ; ¹ ; ^{tanlab@bjmu.edu.cn" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 关键词：ACE ; angiotensin-converting enzyme ; ACE2 ; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ; Ang ; angiotensin ; AT1 ; type-1A angiotensin II receptor ; Atg7 ; autophagy related 7 ; Bax ; Bcl-2 associated X protein ; Bcl2 ; B cell lymphoma2 ; CHF ; congestive heart failure ; DOX ; Doxorubicin ; ECG ; surface electrocardiographic recordings ; EF ; ejection fraction ; EPI ; epirubicin ; Erk1/2 ; extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 ; FS ; fraction of shortening ; HPLC ; high performance liquid chromatography ; LV Vol ; s ; left ventricl
• 刊名：Journal of Ethnopharmacology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：4 November 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：192
• 期：Complete
• 页码：459-470
• 全文大小：5082 K

文摘

Using insects, such as the cockroach, for the treatment of disease has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine. Xinmailong (XML) Injection, a bioactive composite extracted from Periplaneta americana (a species of cockroach), shows reasonable protective effects against cardiovascular injury and was approved for the use in the treatment of cardiac dysfunction in 2006, yet its cardio protective mechanisms remain unclear.

Aim

The present study aims to examine the protective effects of XML against epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo and determine its underlying mechanisms.

Materials and methods

The chemical characteristics of XML were identified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Rats were intraperitoneally injected with epirubicin and then treated with XML for 14 days. Survival rate, echocardiography, electrocardiographic recordings and Masson staining were used to evaluate the cardioprotective activity of XML. Western blot and quantitative real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of XML.

Results

XML treatment significantly enhanced the survival rate of rats from epirubicin-induced heart failure. XML prevented left ventricle dilatation, improved cardiac function. Furthermore, treatment with XML also significantly inhibited the accumulation of collagen, reduced the levels of mRNA for matrix metalloproteinases-9 (Mmp9) and transforming growth factor-β 1(Tgfb1). This action of XML therefore might be responsible, at least in part, for the attenuation of cardiac fibrotic remodeling. XML inhibited autophagy as evidenced by the decreased accumulation of Beclin1 and autophagy related 7 (Atg7), which are necessary to form autophagosome structures. Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and B cell lymphoma2 (Bcl2) levels were up-regulated, while significantly decreased protein levels for phosphorylated P38 and extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) were observed in the XML treated rats. The autophagy related results suggested that the increase in PI3K/Akt levels and inhibition of the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK and Erk1/2 contributed to the anti-autophagic activity of XML.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that XML may be effective for mitigating epirubicin-induced cardiomyopathy and inhibits autophagy via activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting the Erk1/2 and P38 MAPK signaling pathways.