• 作者：J.A. de Ayala Ferná ; ndez ; E.M. Gualda Cebriá ; n ; I. Hermida Lazcano ; F. Medrano Gonzá ; lez
• 关键词：Trematodos ; Patogenia ; Esquistosoma ; Tratamiento
• 刊名：Medicine - Programa de Formaci贸n M茅dica Continuada Acreditado
• 出版年：April, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：11
• 期：53
• 页码：3115-3128
• 全文大小：1319 K

Schistosomiasis or bilharziasis is a parasitic disease caused by flatworms. The WHO has estimated that it affects 230 million persons. Fasciolosis is mainly caused by F. hep谩tica, with a worldwide distribution and great affectation in our geographic area. Their biological cycles are complex and include one or more intermediate hosts, mainly snail, and several morphological transformations. The human is an accidental host. These infections are transmitted by the eating of fish, shellfish, snails and other animals and aquatic plans, when they are eaten raw or undercooked. They may affect different organs. They are divided into liver or lung flukes, according to the affected organ.

The diagnosis can be made by detection of eggs in stools, duodenal aspirate or secretion, sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage associated to serological tests and/or imaging tests. On rare occasions, more invasive methods are required.

Treatment of choice in fasciolosis is triclabenazole and praziquentel in the remaining trematodosis, constituting a group of diseases with therapeutic effectiveness greater than 90%.

The most effective prophylaxis in all of them consists in thorough cooking and processing of food to be eaten and of the utensils used, and attempting to avoid eating them in endemic areas.