Mindin/Spondin 2 inhibits hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and obesity via interaction with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 伪 in mice

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• 作者：Li-Hua Zhu¹ ; ² ; ^&dagger ; ; Aibing Wang³ ; ^&dagger ; ; Pengcheng Luo⁴ ; ⁵ ; ^&dagger ; ; Xinan Wang¹ ; ² ; Ding-Sheng Jiang¹ ; ² ; Wei Deng¹ ; ² ; Xiaofei Zhang⁶ ; Tao Wang¹ ; ² ; Yi Liu⁶ ; Lu Gao⁷ ; Shumin Zhang¹ ; ² ; Xiaodong Zhang⁶ ; Jie Zhang⁴ ; ⁵ ; ^&Dagger ; ; Hongliang Li¹ ; ² ; ^&Dagger ; ; ^{lihl@whu.edu.cn" class="auth_mail}
• 关键词：IR ; insulin resistance ; WT ; wild type ; KO ; knockout ; TG ; transgenic ; NTG ; non-transgenic ; NC ; normal chow ; HFD ; high-fat diet ; PPAR伪 ; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ; ECM ; extracellular matrix ; NL ; normal liver ; NAFLD ; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ; H&E ; hematoxylin and eosin ; ALT ; alanine transaminase ; AST ; aspartate transaminase ; ALP ; alkaline phosphatase ; HMGCR ; 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase ; LDL ; low density lipoprotein ; HDL ; high density lipoprotein ; LDLR
• 刊名：Journal of Hepatology
• 出版年：May, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：60
• 期：5
• 页码：1046-1054
• 全文大小：1796 K

文摘

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Background & Aims

Obesity and its related pathologies, such as hepatic steatosis, are associated with chronic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR), which contribute to cardiovascular disease. Our previous studies indicated that Spondin 2 has a protective role in the context of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Whether Spondin 2 is also associated with the development of hepatic steatosis and IR remains unclear.

Methods

Wild-type mice, Spondin 2-knockout (KO) mice, hepatic-specific Spondin 2 transgenic (Spondin 2-TG) mice, high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice injected with an adenovirus expressing Spondin 2-specific shRNA or a Spondin 2 mutant and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice injected with an adenovirus expressing Spondin 2 were fed normal chow (NC) or HFD for indicated time to induce obesity, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and IR. Biomedical, histological, and metabolic analyses were conducted to identify pathologic alterations in these mice. The molecular mechanisms of Spondin 2 functions were explored in mice and in hepatocytes or cell lines.

Results

Consistent with Spondin 2 repression in the livers of HFD-induced and ob/ob mice, the Spondin 2-KO or hepatic-specific Spondin 2 knockdown mice exhibited more severe obesity, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and IR upon HFD. Conversely, these pathological conditions were significantly improved in the Spondin 2-TG mice or Spondin 2-overexpressing ob/ob mice. Spondin 2 interacts with PPAR伪 to regulate PPAR伪-target genes, thereby improving the pathological phenotypes. In contrast, the hepatic overexpression of mutant Spondin 2 without the PPAR伪-interacting domain failed to improve the aggravated phenotypes observed in the Spondin 2-KO mice.

Conclusion

Spondin 2 regulates hepatic lipid metabolism and alleviates hepatic steatosis, obesity, inflammation, and IR in mice via its interaction with PPAR伪.