ARMC4 Mutations Cause Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia with Randomization of Left/Right Body Asymmetry

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• 作者：Rim Hjeij ; Anna Lindstr ; Richard Francis ; Maimoona?A. Zariwala ; Xiaoqin Liu ; You Li ; Rama Damerla ; Gerard?W. Dougherty ; Marouan Abouhamed ; Heike Olbrich ; Niki?T. Loges ; Petra Pennekamp ; Erica?E. Davis ; Claudia?M.B. Carvalho ; Davut Pehlivan ; Claudius Werner ; Johanna Raidt ; Gabriele K?hler ; Karsten H?ffner ; Miguel Reyes-Mugica ; et al.
• 刊名：The American Journal of Human Genetics
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：8 August, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：93
• 期：2
• 页码：357-367
• 全文大小：3027 K

文摘

The motive forces for ciliary movement are generated by large multiprotein complexes referred to as outer dynein arms (ODAs), which are preassembled in the cytoplasm prior to transport to the ciliary axonemal compartment. In humans, defects in structural components, docking complexes, or cytoplasmic assembly factors can cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a disorder characterized by chronic airway disease and defects in laterality. By using combined high resolution copy-number variant and mutation analysis, we identified ARMC4 mutations in twelve PCD individuals whose cells showed reduced numbers of ODAs and severely impaired ciliary beating. Transient suppression in zebrafish and analysis of an ENU mouse mutant confirmed in both model organisms that ARMC4 is critical for left-right patterning. We demonstrate that ARMC4 is an axonemal protein that is necessary for proper targeting and anchoring of ODAs.