Humoral and cytokine responses in giant groupers after vaccination and challenge with betanodavirus
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文摘
Neutralizing antibody titer corresponded to survival rate of immunized fish. Extravascular IgM+ cells were detected in the brains of groupers. The NNV load was not the highest in dead grouper brains among all challenged fish. Dead fish brains showed the highest gene expression of IL-1β, a neurotoxic factor.

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