Proteomic comparison of Hypnale hypnale (Hump-Nosed Pit-Viper) and Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan Pit-Viper) venoms

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• 作者：Syed A. Ali ; Kate Baumann ; Timothy N.W. Jackson ; Kelly Wood ; Steven Mason ; Eivind A.B. Undheim ; Am ; a Nouwens ; Ivan Koludarov ; Iwan Hendrikx ; Alun Jones ; Bryan Grieg Fry
• 关键词：Venom ; 2D gel DiGE ; Antivenom ; Proteomics ; Mass spectrometry
• 刊名：Journal of Proteomics
• 出版年：8 October, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：91
• 期：Complete
• 页码：338-343
• 全文大小：847 K

文摘

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Abstract

Treatment of Hypnale hypnale bites with commercial antivenoms, even those raised against its sister taxon Calloselasma rhodostoma, has never been clinically successful. As these two genera have been separated for 20 million years, we tested to see whether significant variations in venom had accumulated during this long period of evolutionary divergence, and thus could be responsible for the failure of antivenom. Proteomic analyses of C. rhodostoma and H. hypnale venom were performed using 1D and 2D PAGE as well as 2D-DIGE. C. rhodostoma venom was diverse containing large amounts of Disintegrin, Kallikrein, l-amino acid oxidase, Lectin, phospholipase A₂ (acidic, basic and neutral) and Snake Venom Metalloprotease. In contrast, while H. hypnale also contained a wide range of toxin types, the venom was overwhelmingly dominated by two molecular weight forms of basic PLA₂. 2D-DIGE (2-D Fluorescence Difference Gel Electrophoresis analysis) showed that even when a particular toxin class was shared between the two venoms, there were significant molecular weights or isoelectric point differences. This proteomic difference explains the past treatment failures with C. rhodostoma antivenom and highlights the need for a H. hypnale specific antivenom.

Biological significance

These results have direct implications for the treatment of envenomed patients in Sri Lanka. The unusual venom profile of Hypnale hypnale underscores the biodiscovery potential of novel snake venoms.