Vascular Responses to Long- and Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter: MESA Air (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution)

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• 作者：Ranjini M. Krishnan ; MD ; MS^? ; ^&dagger ; ; ^{ranjik@u.washington.edu} ; Sara D. Adar ; ScD^&dagger ; ; ^&Dagger ; ; Adam A. Szpiro ; PhD^§ ; ; Neal W. Jorgensen ; MS^§ ; ; Victor C. Van Hee ; MD ; MPH^? ; ^&dagger ; ; R. Graham Barr ; MD ; DrPH^¡Î ; Marie S. O'Neill ; PhD^&Dagger ; ; ^¶ ; ; David M. Herrington ; MD^# ; ^?? ; Joseph F. Polak ; MD ; MPH^&dagger ; &dagger ; ; Joel D. Kaufman ; MD ; MPH^? ; ^&dagger ; ; ^#
• 关键词：air pollution ; atherosclerosis ; cardiovascular mortality ; endothelial function ; flow-mediated dilation ; traffic
• 刊名：Journal of the American College of Cardiology
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：20-27 November, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：60
• 期：21
• 页码：2158-2166
• 全文大小：724 K

文摘

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Objectives

This study evaluated the association of long- and short-term air pollutant exposures with flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and baseline arterial diameter (BAD) of the brachial artery using ultrasound in a large multicity cohort.

Background

Exposures to ambient air pollution, especially long-term exposure to particulate matter <2.5 ¦Ìm in aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5), are linked with cardiovascular mortality. Short-term exposure to PM_2.5 has been associated with decreased FMD and vasoconstriction, suggesting that adverse effects of PM_2.5 may involve endothelial dysfunction. However, long-term effects of PM_2.5 on endothelial dysfunction have not been investigated.

Methods

FMD and BAD were measured by brachial artery ultrasound at the initial examination of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Long-term PM_2.5 concentrations were estimated for the year 2000 at each participant's residence (n = 3,040) using a spatio-temporal model informed by cohort-specific monitoring. Short-term PM_2.5 concentrations were based on daily central-site monitoring in each of the 6 cities.

Results

An interquartile increase in long-term PM_2.5 concentration (3 ¦Ìg/m³) was associated with a 0.3 % decrease in FMD (95 % confidence interval [CI] of difference: ?0.6 to ?0.03; p = 0.03), adjusting for demographic characteristics, traditional risk factors, sonographers, and 1/BAD. Women, nonsmokers, younger participants, and those with hypertension seemed to show a greater association of PM_2.5 with FMD. FMD was not significantly associated with short-term variation in PM_2.5 (?0.1 % per 12 ¦Ìg/m³ daily increase [95 % CI: ?0.2 to 0.04] on the day before examination).

Conclusions

Long-term PM_2.5 exposure was significantly associated with decreased endothelial function according to brachial ultrasound results. These findings may elucidate an important pathway linking air pollution and cardiovascular mortality. (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis [MESA]; ).